If a turgid plant cell (cell with positive turgor pressure) is placed in a hypertonic solution

Options

A. It exerts a higher osmotic pressure
B. Water will move out of the cell by osmosis
C. Cause vacuole and protoplast to shrink
D. All of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Hypertonic Solution**:
- A hypertonic solution is defined as a solution that has a higher osmotic concentration (or solute potential) than another solution, in this case, the cell sap of the plant cell.

2. **Effect on Turgid Plant Cell**:
- When a turgid plant cell (which has a positive turgor pressure due to water being present in the vacuole) is placed in a hypertonic solution, the osmotic pressure of the surrounding solution is greater than that of the cell sap.

3. **Process of Exo-Osmosis**:
- Due to the difference in osmotic pressure, water will move out of the plant cell. This process is known as exo-osmosis.
- First, water is lost from the cytoplasm of the cell, followed by water loss from the vacuole.

4. **Consequences of Water Loss**:
- As water leaves the cytoplasm and vacuole, the vacuole shrinks, leading to a reduction in turgor pressure.
- The protoplast (the living part of the cell, including the cytoplasm and vacuole) will also shrink as a result of this water loss.

5. **Final Outcome**:
- The overall effect is that the plant cell becomes flaccid (loses its turgidity), and the vacuole and protoplast shrink due to the loss of water.

### Summary of Effects:
- The osmotic pressure of the hypertonic solution is higher than that of the cell sap.
- Water moves out of the cell by osmosis.
- The vacuole and protoplast shrink as a result of water loss.