Which of the following are in - situ conservation methods?
(a) Biosphere reserves (b) Hotspots [c] National parks (d) Sacred groves (e) Wildlife sanctuaries

Options

A. a, c and c
B. a, c and e
C. a,c,c and e
D. a,b,c,d and e

Answer

To determine which of the following are in-situ conservation methods, we need to first understand what in-situ conservation means. In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of biological diversity in their natural habitats, meaning that plants and animals are conserved in their natural environment.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Define In-situ Conservation**:
- In-situ conservation is the conservation of species in their natural habitats. This includes the preservation of ecosystems and natural environments where species live.

2. **Identify the Types of In-situ Conservation**:
- In-situ conservation can be divided into two main categories:
- **Hotspots**: Areas that are rich in biodiversity and are under threat from human activities.
- **Protected Areas**: These include various forms of protected land where conservation efforts are made.

3. **List Protected Areas**:
- Protected areas under in-situ conservation include:
- **National Parks**: Protected areas established for the conservation of wildlife and natural resources.
- **Wildlife Sanctuaries**: Areas where animals are protected in their natural environment.
- **Biosphere Reserves**: Areas that promote the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development.
- **Sacred Groves**: Areas that are protected due to cultural and religious significance.

4. **Analyze the Options**:
- Now, let's analyze the options provided:
- (a) Biosphere reserves - In-situ conservation
- (b) Hotspots - In-situ conservation
- (c) National parks - In-situ conservation
- (d) Sacred groves - In-situ conservation
- (e) Wildlife sanctuaries - In-situ conservation

5. **Conclusion**:
- All the options listed (a, b, c, d, e) are methods of in-situ conservation. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the options are in-situ conservation methods.

### Final Answer:
All of the following are in-situ conservation methods: (a) Biosphere reserves, (b) Hotspots, (c) National parks, (d) Sacred groves, (e) Wildlife sanctuaries.

Thus, the correct answer is: **(a), (b), (c), (d), (e)**.

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