For an electrophilic substitution reaction , the presence of a halogen atom in the benzene ring …..

Options

A. deactivates the ring by inductive effect
B. deactivates the ring by reasonance
C. increases the charge density at ortho and para position relative to meta position by resonance.
D. directs the incoming electrophile to meta position by increasing the charge density relative to ortho and para position.

Answer

A, C

Explanation

For an electrophilic substitution reaction, the presence of halogen atom in the benzen ring deactivates the ring by inductive effect and increases the charge density at ortho and para position relative to meta position by resonance.
When chlorine is attached to benzene ring chlorine being more electronegative pulls the electronei.e. , -I-effect.The electron cloud of benzene is less dense. Chlorine makes aryl halide, moderately deactivating group. But due to resonance the electron density on ortho and para position is greater than in meta position

The last structure contributes more to the orientation and hence halogen are o-and p-directors.