Diffine the following mofes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of which of these modes are independent of temperature and why ?
`{:((a),w//w("mass percentage"),(b),V//V("volume percentage")),((c),w//V("mass by volume percentage"),(d),"ppm" ("part per million")),((e),X("mole fraction"),(f),M("molarity")),((g),m("molality"),,):}`

Explanation

(a) w/w (mass percentage) Mass percentage of a component of a solution can be expressed as
Mass % of component `=("mass of component in the solution")/("total mass of solution")xx100`
Thus the percentage by mass means the mass of the solute in grams present in 100g of the solution
(b) V/V (volume percentage) is defined as
Volume percentage `=("volume of the compnent")/("total volume solution")xx100`
Thus volume percentage meand the volume of the liquid solute in `cm^(3)` present in of the solution.
(c ) w/V (mass by volume percentage) = mass of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution.
(d) ppm (parts per million) This parameter is used ot express the concentration of very dilute solution.
`" ""ppm"("number of parts of component")/("total number of moles of all component os solution")`
(e) x (mole fraction) Mole fraction is an unitless quantity used to determine extent of any particular component present in total solution.
`" "x=("number of moles of the component")/("total number of moles of all components")`
(f) M (molarity) Number of moles of solute dissolved in per liter of solution is know as molarity.
`" "M=("number of moles of solute")/("volume of solution in litre")`
(g) m (Molality) Molality of any solution can be difined as number of moles of solute dissolved in per kg of solvent.
`" "m=("number of moles of solute")/("mass of solvent in kg")`