Why is the mass determined by measuring a colligative property in case of some solutes abnormal? Discuss it with the help of van't Hoff factor.

Explanation

Certain comoounds when dissolved in suitable solvents either dissociate or associate, e.g., ethanoic acid dimerises in benzene due t H-bonding, while in water, it dissociates and forms ions.
As a result the number of chemical species in solution increases or decreases as compared to the number of chemical species of solute added to from the solution.
Since, the magnitue of colligative property depends on the number of solute particles, it is expected that the molar mass determined on the basis of colligative properties will either higher or lower than the expected value or the normal value and is called abnormal molar mass.
In order to account for the extent of dissociation or association of molecules in solution, van't Hoff introduced a factor, i, known as the van 't Hoff factro.
`i=("expected molar mass")/("abnormal molar mass")=("ovserved colligative property")/("calculated colligative property")`
`=("total number f moles of particles after association or dissociation")/("total number of moles of particles before association or dissociation")`