(c) What is the effect of lanthoids contraction beyond lanthanoid ?

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the effect of lanthanoid contraction beyond the lanthanoids, we can break down the explanation into clear steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Lanthanoid Contraction**:
- Lanthanoid contraction refers to the gradual decrease in the size of the lanthanide ions as we move from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu). This is primarily due to the ineffective shielding of the nuclear charge by the f-electrons.

2. **Impact on 4d and 5d Series**:
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