Seed and bud dormancy can be induced by

Options

A. IAA
B. GA
C. ABA
D. Ethylene

Answer

To solve the question regarding what induces seed and bud dormancy, we will analyze the options provided and their effects on plant growth and dormancy.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Seed and Bud Dormancy**:
- Seed and bud dormancy refers to a state where seeds or buds are inactive and do not germinate or grow despite favorable conditions. This dormancy can be induced by certain hormones that inhibit growth.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A: IAA (Indole-3 Acetic Acid)**:
- IAA is known as auxin, which promotes growth and development in plants. It is involved in cell division and elongation. Since it promotes growth, it does not induce dormancy.
- **Conclusion**: IAA does not induce dormancy.

- **Option B: Gibberellic Acid (GA)**:
- Gibberellic acid is known for promoting shoot elongation and seed germination. It encourages growth and is not associated with dormancy.
- **Conclusion**: Gibberellic acid does not induce dormancy.

- **Option C: Ethylene**:
- Ethylene is a plant hormone that helps in various processes, including fruit ripening and stress response. While it plays a role in plant growth, it does not induce dormancy.
- **Conclusion**: Ethylene does not induce dormancy.

- **Option D: Abscisic Acid (ABA)**:
- Abscisic acid is known to inhibit growth and is crucial in inducing dormancy in seeds and buds. It helps plants cope with stress and is involved in the closure of stomata during water stress. ABA is the hormone that promotes dormancy.
- **Conclusion**: Abscisic acid induces dormancy.

3. **Final Answer**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Abscisic Acid (ABA)**, as it is the hormone that induces seed and bud dormancy.