According to Oparin , the primitive atmosphere of the Earth is ?

Options

A. Reduced
B. Without oxygen
C. Oxidized
D. Both (a) and (b)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Oparin's Hypothesis**:
- Oparin proposed a theory regarding the origin of life on Earth, which included details about the primitive atmosphere.

2. **Components of the Primitive Atmosphere**:
- According to Oparin, the primitive atmosphere was rich in hydrogen and lacked free oxygen.

3. **Formation of Water**:
- The numerous hydrogen atoms combined with oxygen atoms to form water (H2O). This process led to the consumption of available oxygen.

4. **Absence of Free Oxygen**:
- Since all the oxygen was used to form water, there was no free oxygen left in the atmosphere.

5. **Characterization of the Atmosphere**:
- The atmosphere was characterized as "reducing" because it lacked free oxygen, which is essential for oxidation processes.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, according to Oparin, the primitive atmosphere of the Earth was both reducing and without free oxygen.

### Final Answer:
- The primitive atmosphere of the Earth, according to Oparin, is **without oxygen** (Option 2).