Soil erosion and desertification is due to human activity like

Options

A. Overcultivation
B. Unrestricted grazing
C. Increased urbanisation
D. All of the above

Answer

To solve the question regarding the causes of soil erosion and desertification due to human activities, we will analyze each option provided and determine their validity.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Soil Erosion and Desertification**:
- Soil erosion refers to the removal of the top layer of soil, which is crucial for plant growth. Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

2. **Analyzing Option A: Over Cultivation**:
- Over cultivation involves excessive farming on the same land without allowing it to recover. This leads to soil exhaustion and degradation, making the soil less productive and more susceptible to erosion.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct.

3. **Analyzing Option B: Unrestricted Grazing**:
- Unrestricted grazing occurs when livestock are allowed to graze freely without limits. This can lead to overgrazing, which removes vegetation cover, increases soil compaction, and leads to soil erosion and desertification.
- **Conclusion**: This option is also correct.

4. **Analyzing Option C: Increased Urbanization**:
- Urbanization involves the expansion of cities and towns, which often leads to deforestation as land is cleared for construction. The removal of trees reduces soil stability and increases the risk of erosion.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct as well.

5. **Analyzing Option D: All of the Above**:
- Since options A, B, and C are all correct and contribute to soil erosion and desertification, option D, which states "all of the above," is also correct.
- **Conclusion**: This option is correct.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option D: All of the above**. All the mentioned human activities contribute to soil erosion and desertification.