Due to nondisjunction of chromosomes during spermatogenesis , sperms carry both sex chromosomes ( 22A +XY ) and some sperms do not carry any sex chromosomes ( 22A+ X ) , what types of genetic disorder appear among the offsprings ?

Options

A. Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome
B. Down's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome
C. Down's syndrome and Turner's syndrome
D. Down's syndrome and Cri - du - chat syndrome

Answer

To solve the question regarding the genetic disorders that may arise from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis, we can break down the problem into several steps:

### Step 1: Understand Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. In this case, it occurs during spermatogenesis, leading to sperm with abnormal chromosome compositions.

### Step 2: Identify the Types of Sperm Produced
From the problem, we know that due to nondisjunction:
- Some sperm carry both sex chromosomes (22A + XY).
- Some sperm do not carry any sex chromosomes (22A + O, where O represents the absence of a sex chromosome).

### Step 3: Determine Possible Combinations with Female Gametes
When these abnormal sperm fertilize a female gamete (which has the normal composition of 22A + X), we can analyze the potential offspring:
1. **Sperm with 22A + XY** (normal sperm with both sex chromosomes) + **Female gamete (22A + X)** = Offspring with 44A + XXY (Klinefelter syndrome).
2. **Sperm with 22A + O** (sperm with no sex chromosome) + **Female gamete (22A + X)** = Offspring with 44A + X0 (Turner syndrome).

### Step 4: Identify the Genetic Disorders
- **Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)**: This condition occurs due to the presence of an extra X chromosome in males. Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome may exhibit male characteristics but often have some feminine traits, such as gynecomastia (breast development) and are usually sterile.

- **Turner Syndrome (X0)**: This condition occurs when there is a missing X chromosome in females. Individuals with Turner syndrome typically lack secondary sexual characteristics and are also sterile.

### Conclusion
The genetic disorders that can appear among the offspring due to nondisjunction during spermatogenesis are:
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- Turner syndrome (X0)