A healthy person and an individual with emphysema having equal body mass were made to perform an exercise of the same amount . Their rate of oxygen entering the blood in the lungs was measured and is shown in the table below
`{:(,"Healthy person","Person with emphysema" ),(O_2"entering blood per minute",22 "units",12 "units"):}`
Identify the statements that best explains the above outcome .

Options

A. The healthy person has a slower breathing rate.
B. The healthy person has a smaller lung volume
C. The person with emphysema has damaged alveoli
D. The person with emphysema has larger surface area in alveoli

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze the information provided about the oxygen entering the blood in a healthy person versus a person with emphysema.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Data**:
- The table shows that a healthy person has an oxygen entry rate of 22 units per minute, while a person with emphysema has a rate of 12 units per minute. This indicates that the healthy person is able to take in significantly more oxygen than the person with emphysema.

2. **Identifying Key Factors**:
- Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterized by damage to the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs). This damage leads to reduced surface area for gas exchange, which is crucial for oxygen absorption.

3. **Evaluating Each Statement**:
- **Option 1**: "The healthy person has a slower heart rate."
- This is incorrect. A healthy person typically has a higher heart rate during exercise to meet the increased oxygen demand.

- **Option 2**: "The healthy person has a shorter lung volume."
- This is also incorrect. A healthy person generally has a larger lung volume, which allows for greater oxygen intake.

- **Option 3**: "The person with emphysema has damaged alveoli."
- This is correct. Emphysema damages the alveoli, leading to decreased oxygen absorption, which explains the lower rate of oxygen entering the blood (12 units).

- **Option 4**: "The person with emphysema has a larger surface area in alveoli."
- This is incorrect. The damage to the alveoli in emphysema reduces the surface area available for gas exchange.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The best explanation for the difference in oxygen absorption rates is that the person with emphysema has damaged alveoli, resulting in a lower oxygen entry rate into the blood.

### Final Answer:
The correct statement that best explains the outcome is: **"The person with emphysema has damaged alveoli."**