Characteristics of crystalline solid are

Options

A. Long range order
B. Disordered arrangement
C. Short range order
D. None of these

Answer

To answer the question about the characteristics of crystalline solids, we can outline the following points:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Crystalline Solids**:
- Crystalline solids are materials whose constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in three dimensions.

2. **Long-Range Order**:
- One of the primary characteristics of crystalline solids is their long-range order. This means that the arrangement of particles is consistent and predictable over large distances, leading to a well-defined geometric shape.

3. **Definite Melting Point**:
- Crystalline solids have a specific melting point. When heated, they will melt at a particular temperature, unlike amorphous solids which do not have a sharp melting point.

4. **Anisotropy**:
- Crystalline solids exhibit anisotropy, meaning their physical properties (such as refractive index, electrical conductivity, etc.) vary depending on the direction in which they are measured. This is due to the uniform arrangement of particles.

5. **Cleavage**:
- Crystalline solids tend to have a characteristic cleavage property, meaning they can break along specific planes of weakness, resulting in smooth surfaces.

6. **Density**:
- Crystalline solids generally have a higher density compared to amorphous solids due to the close packing of their constituent particles.

7. **Sharp X-ray Diffraction Pattern**:
- When subjected to X-ray diffraction, crystalline solids produce sharp and distinct patterns, indicating their ordered structure. Amorphous solids, in contrast, produce broad and diffuse patterns.

### Summary of Characteristics:
- Long-range order
- Definite melting point
- Anisotropic properties
- Cleavage along specific planes
- Higher density
- Sharp X-ray diffraction patterns