Which of the following shows the correct reaction for nitrobenzene reduction ?

Options

A. Nitrobenzene reacts with Zn dust and `NH_4Cl` to produce aniline
B. Nitrobenzene reacts with `LiAlH_4` to produce phenyl hydroxylamine
C. Nitrobenzene reacts with Fe and HCl to produce nitrobenzene
D. Nitrobenzene reacts with Zn dust and `NH_4Cl` to produce phenyl hydroxylamine

Answer

To solve the question regarding the correct reaction for the reduction of nitrobenzene, we will analyze the reactions of nitrobenzene with different reducing agents step by step.

### Step 1: Identify the Reagents
The question involves three reagents:
1. Zinc dust and NH4Cl
2. Fe and HCl
3. LiAlH4

### Step 2: Reaction of Nitrobenzene with Zinc Dust and NH4Cl
When nitrobenzene reacts with zinc dust and NH4Cl, it undergoes reduction to form N-phenylhydroxylamine. The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 + \text{Zn} + \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NHOH} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
This means that this reaction produces N-phenylhydroxylamine.

### Step 3: Reaction of Nitrobenzene with Fe and HCl
When nitrobenzene is treated with iron (Fe) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), it is reduced to form aniline. The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 + \text{Fe} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 + \text{FeCl}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
Thus, this reaction produces aniline.

### Step 4: Reaction of Nitrobenzene with LiAlH4
When nitrobenzene reacts with lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), it does not produce phenylhydroxylamine. Instead, it leads to the formation of azobenzene, which is represented as:
\[ 2 \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 + \text{LiAlH}_4 \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}=\text{N}\text{C}_6\text{H}_5 + \text{by-products} \]
This means that the product is azobenzene, not phenylhydroxylamine.

### Step 5: Conclusion
From the analysis of the reactions:
- Nitrobenzene reacts with zinc dust and NH4Cl to produce N-phenylhydroxylamine.
- Nitrobenzene reacts with Fe and HCl to produce aniline.
- Nitrobenzene reacts with LiAlH4 to produce azobenzene.

The correct statement regarding the reduction of nitrobenzene is that it reacts with zinc dust and NH4Cl to produce phenylhydroxylamine.

### Final Answer
The correct reaction for nitrobenzene reduction is:
- Nitrobenzene reacts with zinc dust and NH4Cl to produce phenylhydroxylamine.