In ecological succession

Options

A. Species response and community response will be observed.
B. Species response and community response will not be observed
C. Only species response is observed without community response
D. neither species response not community response is observed

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ecological Succession**:
- Ecological succession is the process through which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves a series of stages that lead from a barren environment to a fully developed ecosystem, such as a forest.

2. **Identifying Stages of Succession**:
- The process begins with the **pioneer stage**, where organisms like lichens and algae colonize the barren land. These organisms are crucial as they help in soil formation by breaking down rock and contributing organic matter.

3. **Intermediate Stage**:
- As the pioneer species modify the environment, they create conditions suitable for other species to thrive. This leads to the **intermediate stage**, where small herbs and other plants start to grow. This stage sees increased biodiversity as more species establish themselves.

4. **Climax Community**:
- Eventually, the ecosystem reaches a **climax community**, which is a stable and mature ecological state. In this stage, a diverse range of species coexists, forming a complex and balanced ecosystem.

5. **Role of Species and Community Responses**:
- Throughout these stages, both species responses (how individual species adapt and thrive) and community responses (how the entire community of organisms interacts and changes) are essential. The success of ecological succession depends on the interactions between these species and their environment.

6. **Evaluating Options**:
- Given the options provided in the question, the first option states that both species response and community response will be observed, which aligns with the understanding of ecological succession. The other options incorrectly suggest that either one or neither of these responses are observed, which contradicts the fundamental principles of ecological succession.

7. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer is that both species response and community response are essential for ecological succession to occur.