Which of the following layer of anther wall helps in protection as well as in the dehiscence of anther for the release of pollen grains ?

Options

A. Epidermis
B. Tapetum and endothelium
C. Endothelium only
D. Outer three layers of anther wall

Answer

To solve the question regarding which layer of the anther wall helps in protection as well as in the dehiscence of the anther for the release of pollen grains, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Structure of the Anther**:
- The anther is composed of four distinct layers:
- Epidermis (outermost layer)
- Endothecium (second layer)
- Middle layers (third layer)
- Tapetum (innermost layer)

2. **Identify the Functions of Each Layer**:
- **Epidermis**: Provides protection to the anther.
- **Endothecium**: Also provides protection and plays a role in the dehiscence of the anther.
- **Middle Layers**: Contribute to the structural integrity and protection.
- **Tapetum**: Nourishes the developing pollen grains but does not play a direct role in protection or dehiscence.

3. **Determine Which Layers Contribute to Protection and Dehiscence**:
- The outer three layers (Epidermis, Endothecium, and Middle layers) are primarily responsible for protection and assist in the dehiscence process, which is the opening of the anther to release pollen grains.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer to the question is that the layers of the anther wall that help in protection as well as in the dehiscence of the anther for the release of pollen grains are the **Epidermis, Endothecium, and Middle layers**.

### Final Answer:
The outer three layers of the anther wall (Epidermis, Endothecium, and Middle layers) help in protection and in the dehiscence of the anther for the release of pollen grains.

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