Acid rain is caused because of

Options

A. excess `NO_2 and SO_2` released from burring of fossil fuels
B. excess production of `NH_3` by industry and coal gas
C. excess release of carbon monoxide by incomplete combustion in industries.
D. excess formation of `CO_2` by combustion and animal respiration.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Acid Rain**: Acid rain is a type of precipitation that contains higher levels of hydrogen ions (low pH), making it acidic. It is primarily caused by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

2. **Identifying the Chemicals Involved**: The main compounds responsible for acid rain are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx, primarily NO2). These compounds are released into the atmosphere through various human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels.

3. **Chemical Reactions**: When sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2) are released into the air, they rise into the atmosphere. Here, they undergo chemical reactions with water vapor and oxygen.

- **For Sulfur Dioxide**:
- The reaction can be represented as:
\[ SO2 + H2O \rightarrow H2SO4 \]
- This produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which contributes to acid rain.

- **For Nitrogen Oxides**:
- The reaction can be represented as:
\[ NO2 + H2O \rightarrow HNO3 \]
- This produces nitric acid (HNO3), which also contributes to acid rain.

4. **Formation of Acid Rain**: The acidic pollutants formed from these reactions mix with rainwater, resulting in acid rain that falls back to the earth.

5. **Conclusion**: The primary cause of acid rain is the excess release of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2) into the atmosphere, mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels.

6. **Correct Answer**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question "Acid rain is caused because of" is:
- Option 1: Excess NO2 and SO2 release from burning of fossil fuels.

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