Which of the following species can functon as an oxidising as well as reducing agent ?

Options

A. `Cl^(-)`
B. `ClO_(4)^(-)`
C. `ClO^(-)`
D. `MnO_(4)^(-)`

Explanation

To determine which species can function as both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, we need to analyze the oxidation states of the given species and see if they can undergo both oxidation and reduction.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Oxidizing and Reducing Agents**:
- An **oxidizing agent** is a species that causes another species to be oxidized and itself gets reduced (decrease in oxidation number).
- A **reducing agent** is a species that causes another species to be reduced and itself gets oxidized (increase in oxidation number).

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- We will analyze each option to determine if it can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.

3. **Option A: Cl⁻ (Chloride Ion)**:
- The oxidation state of Cl in Cl⁻ is -1.
- The lowest oxidation state of chlorine is -1, and the highest is +5.
- Cl⁻ cannot be oxidized further (it cannot go below -1), so it cannot act as an oxidizing agent.
- **Conclusion**: Cl⁻ cannot function as both.

4. **Option B: ClO₄⁻ (Perchlorate Ion)**:
- To find the oxidation state of Cl in ClO₄⁻, we set up the equation: X - 8 = -1 (since there are 4 O atoms, each with an oxidation state of -2).
- Solving gives: X = +7.
- The highest oxidation state of chlorine is +5, so +7 is not possible.
- **Conclusion**: ClO₄⁻ cannot function as both.

5. **Option C: ClO⁻ (Hypochlorite Ion)**:
- For ClO⁻, we set up the equation: X - 2 = -1.
- Solving gives: X = +1.
- Chlorine can be oxidized from +1 to higher states (up to +5) and can also be reduced from +1 to lower states (down to -1).
- **Conclusion**: ClO⁻ can function as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.

6. **Option D: Other species (not provided)**:
- Since we only analyzed three options, we conclude that ClO⁻ is the only species among the given options that can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.

### Final Answer:
The species that can function as both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent is **ClO⁻ (Hypochlorite Ion)**.

---