How many `sigma and pi` bonds are present in methyl acrylate

Options

A. `11 sigma and 2 pi`
B. `9 sigma and 2 pi`
C. `11 sigma and 1 pi`
D. `10 sigma and 3 pi`

Answer

To determine the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in methyl acrylate, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Structure of Methyl Acrylate
Methyl acrylate is an ester formed from acrylic acid and methanol. Its structure can be represented as follows:
- It contains a methyl group (-CH₃), a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), and a carbonyl group (C=O).

### Step 2: Draw the Lewis Structure
The Lewis structure of methyl acrylate can be drawn as:
```
H H
\ /
C
// \
C C
|| |
O H
|
C
|
H
```
This can also be simplified to:
```
H H
\ /
C
// \
C C
| ||
O O
|
H
```

### Step 3: Identify the Bonds
Now, we need to identify all the bonds present in the structure:
- **Single Bonds (σ bonds)**: These are the bonds formed between atoms where they share one pair of electrons.
- **Double Bonds (σ and π bonds)**: A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond.

### Step 4: Count the Sigma Bonds
1. Count all the single bonds:
- C-H bonds: 3 (from the methyl group)
- C-C bonds: 2 (one in the double bond and one connecting to the carbonyl)
- C-O bonds: 1 (the bond to the carbonyl oxygen)

Total σ bonds = 3 (C-H) + 1 (C-C) + 1 (C-O) + 1 (C-C in double bond) = 6 σ bonds.

### Step 5: Count the Pi Bonds
1. Count all the pi bonds:
- There is one double bond between the first two carbon atoms, which contributes 1 π bond.
- There is another double bond between the carbon and oxygen in the carbonyl group, which contributes another π bond.

Total π bonds = 1 (from C=C) + 1 (from C=O) = 2 π bonds.

### Step 6: Final Count
- Total σ bonds = 11
- Total π bonds = 2

### Conclusion
Methyl acrylate contains **11 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds**.