Salicylaldehyde can be separated from the mixture of salicyladehyde and p - hydroxy benzaladehyde by

Options

A. Distillation
B. Fractional distillation
C. Solvent extraction
D. All of these

Answer

To separate salicylaldehyde from a mixture of salicylaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, we can use the method of fractional distillation. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the process:

### Step 1: Identify the Components
- We have two compounds in the mixture: salicylaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

### Step 2: Determine the Boiling Points
- Salicylaldehyde has a lower boiling point due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which reduces its surface area.
- p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has a higher boiling point because it does not form such intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

### Step 3: Set Up Fractional Distillation
- Fractional distillation is a technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their different boiling points.
- Set up a fractional distillation apparatus, which includes a distillation flask, a fractionating column, a condenser, and receiving flasks.

### Step 4: Heat the Mixture
- Gradually heat the mixture of salicylaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
- As the temperature rises, the component with the lower boiling point (salicylaldehyde) will vaporize first.

### Step 5: Collect the Distillate
- The vapor will travel through the fractionating column and condense in the condenser.
- Collect the distillate in a separate flask. This distillate will primarily contain salicylaldehyde.

### Step 6: Separate Remaining Component
- Continue heating until the temperature rises to the boiling point of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde to collect it separately if needed.

### Conclusion
- By using fractional distillation, we can effectively separate salicylaldehyde from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde due to their difference in boiling points.