Which of the following glands /structure participate in excretion in periplaneta Americana ?

Options

A. Ovarioles
B. Malpighian tubules
C. Gizzard
D. Anal cerci

Answer

To solve the question regarding which glands or structures participate in excretion in Periplaneta americana (the American cockroach), we will analyze each option provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Options**: The question provides several options for glands or structures that may be involved in excretion. We will evaluate each one.

2. **Evaluate Ovariole**:
- The ovariole is a part of the female reproductive system, specifically involved in the production of eggs.
- **Conclusion**: Ovariole does not participate in excretion.

3. **Evaluate Malpighian Tubules**:
- Malpighian tubules are excretory structures found in insects, including Periplaneta americana.
- They function by removing waste products from the hemolymph (the insect equivalent of blood) and excreting them as uric acid, which conserves water.
- **Conclusion**: Malpighian tubules are involved in excretion.

4. **Evaluate Gizzard**:
- The gizzard is part of the digestive system in cockroaches. It helps in grinding food and is involved in digestion, not excretion.
- **Conclusion**: Gizzard does not participate in excretion.

5. **Evaluate Anal Saccum**:
- The anal saccum is involved in the storage of waste before it is expelled from the body, but it is not primarily an excretory organ.
- **Conclusion**: Anal saccum is not a primary structure for excretion.

6. **Final Conclusion**:
- After evaluating all options, the only structure that participates in excretion in Periplaneta americana is the **Malpighian tubules**. Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

### Final Answer:
**Malpighian tubules** (Option 2) participate in excretion in Periplaneta americana.