Which of the following ARTs does not involve in - vitro fertilization ?

Options

A. ZIFT
B. ICSI
C. GIFT
D. IUT

Answer

To determine which of the following Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) does not involve in vitro fertilization, we will analyze each option provided:

1. **GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)**:
- In GIFT, both the sperm and the egg (gametes) are collected and then transferred directly into the fallopian tubes.
- The fertilization occurs inside the body (in vivo) when the sperm meets the egg in the fallopian tube.
- Therefore, GIFT does not involve in vitro fertilization.

2. **ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)**:
- In ICSI, a single sperm is injected directly into an egg in a laboratory setting (in vitro).
- The fertilization occurs outside the body, so ICSI does involve in vitro fertilization.

3. **IUT (Intrauterine Insemination)**:
- In IUT, sperm is collected and then introduced into the uterus or vagina.
- The fertilization occurs inside the body (in vivo) after the sperm is introduced, so IUT does not involve in vitro fertilization.

4. **GIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer)**:
- This term appears to be a repetition of the first option. However, if we consider it as a distinct method, it involves transferring a zygote (which is formed in vitro) into the fallopian tubes.
- Therefore, this method does involve in vitro fertilization.

### Conclusion:
The correct answer is **GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)**, as it is the only method listed that does not involve in vitro fertilization.