Which of the following process will bring about genetic variation?

Options

A. Autogamy
B. Out-crossing
C. Cross pollination
D. Both (b) and (c)

Answer

To determine which processes bring about genetic variation, let's analyze each option provided in the question step by step.

### Step 1: Understand Autogamy
- **Definition**: Autogamy is a form of self-pollination where the pollen from the stamen of a flower fertilizes the ovule in the same flower.
- **Genetic Variation**: Since the genetic material comes from the same flower, autogamy does not introduce any new genetic combinations. Therefore, it does not bring about genetic variation.

**Hint**: Think about whether the genetic material comes from one source or multiple sources when considering genetic variation.

### Step 2: Understand Outcrossing
- **Definition**: Outcrossing involves breeding individuals from the same species but with no common ancestors. This means that the parents have different genetic backgrounds.
- **Genetic Variation**: Because the parents have different genetic codes, their offspring will inherit a mix of these different genes, leading to genetic variation.

**Hint**: Consider how genetic diversity among parents influences the offspring's genetic makeup.

### Step 3: Understand Cross Pollination
- **Definition**: Cross pollination occurs when pollen from one flower fertilizes the ovule of another flower, which can be from the same plant or a different plant.
- **Genetic Variation**: If the pollination occurs between flowers of different plants, genetic variation will occur due to the mixing of different genetic materials. However, if it occurs between flowers of the same plant, there will be no genetic variation.

**Hint**: Identify whether the pollen and ovule come from the same plant or different plants to assess genetic variation.

### Step 4: Evaluate the Options
- **Autogamy**: No genetic variation (eliminated).
- **Outcrossing**: Yes, brings genetic variation (included).
- **Cross Pollination**: Yes, brings genetic variation if between different plants (included).
- **Both B and C**: This option combines the valid processes that bring about genetic variation.

### Conclusion
The processes that will bring about genetic variation are **Outcrossing** and **Cross Pollination** (when involving different plants). Therefore, the correct answer is **both B and C**.

**Final Answer**: Option D: Both B and C.