When an element of group 14 is doped with an element of group 15

Options

A. p - type of semi - conductors are formed
B. n - type of semi - conductors are formed
C. Zeolites are formed
D. Electrolytes are formed

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Elements**:
- Group 14 elements include Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), and Lead (Pb).
- Group 15 elements include Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), and Bismuth (Bi).

2. **Valence Electrons**:
- Elements in Group 14 have 4 valence electrons.
- Elements in Group 15 have 5 valence electrons.

3. **Doping Process**:
- When a Group 14 element (let's take Silicon, Si, as an example) is doped with a Group 15 element (like Phosphorus, P), the silicon atom contributes its 4 valence electrons.
- The phosphorus atom contributes its 5 valence electrons.

4. **Bond Formation**:
- The silicon atoms will form covalent bonds with the phosphorus atoms using 4 of the 5 electrons from phosphorus.
- This results in the formation of a covalent network where each silicon atom is bonded to other silicon atoms and to phosphorus.

5. **Extra Electron**:
- The remaining 1 electron from phosphorus does not participate in bonding and becomes delocalized.
- This delocalization of the extra electron contributes to electrical conductivity.

6. **Type of Conductor**:
- The presence of this extra delocalized electron allows the doped silicon to conduct electricity, thus behaving as an n-type semiconductor.
- In n-type semiconductors, the majority charge carriers are electrons, which are negatively charged.

### Final Conclusion:
When an element from Group 14 (like Silicon) is doped with an element from Group 15 (like Phosphorus), it results in the formation of an n-type semiconductor due to the presence of extra delocalized electrons.

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