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Hybridisation is a theoretical concept, ...

Hybridisation is a theoretical concept, as state of hybridisation can not be detected ever the spectroscopically: unlike intermediates or transition state in various reactions but it corrects the predictions which are based on overlapping of pure atomic orbitals. VSEPR theory predicts precisely shape and bond angle in a given molecule.
Which of the following is tetrahedral in shape?

A

`SiF_(4)`

B

`SF_(4)`

C

`XeF_(4)`

D

All of the above

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(A) `SiF_(4)rarr` Tetrahedral
(V) `SF_(4)rarr` See saw
© `XeF_(4)rarr` sq. planar
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Hybridisation is a theoretical concept, as state of hybridisation can not be detected ever the spectroscopically: unlike intermediates or transition state in various reactions but it corrects the predictions which are based on overlapping of pure atomic orbitals. VSEPR theory predicts precisely shape and bond angle in a given molecule. The structure of XeF_(6) in vapour phase is:

In which of the following , the theory of hybridisation does not help to predict the bond angle ?

The approximate shape of a molecule can often be predicted by using what is called the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. Electrons in bonds and in lone pairs can be thought of a ''charge cloud'' that repel one another nad stay as far apart as possible, thus causing molecules to assume specific shapes. The repulsive interactions of electron pairs decrease in the order: Lone pair - Lone pair gt Lone pair - Bond pair gt Bond pair - Bond pair These repulsive effects result in deviations from idealised shapes and alteration in bond angles in molecules. Which of the following statement is correct with respect ot bond angles?

The approximate shape of a molecule can often be predicted by using what is called the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. Electrons in bonds and in lone pairs can be thought of a ''charge cloud'' that repel one another nad stay as far apart as possible, thus causing molecules to assume specific shapes. The repulsive interactions of electron pairs decrease in the order: Lone pair - Lone pair gt Lone pair - Bond pair gt Bond pair - Bond pair These repulsive effects result in deviations from idealised shapes and alteration in bond angles in molecules. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Hybridization is a concept of mixing or merging of orbitals of same atom with slight differences in energies to redistribute their energies and give new orbitals of equivalent energy called 'Hybrid Orbitals'. Hybridisation is a hypothetical concept and never actually exists. One should not be confused by a common misconception that hybridization is responsible for particular geometry. Geometry of a molecule is decided by energy factor not by hybridization. It is the orbital (which may be half filled, completely filled or empty) that undergoes hybridization and not the electron. The bond angles in hybridised orbitals are influenced by presence of lone pair, presence of multiple bonds, presence of one electron and electronegativity of atom. An increase in s-character of hybridised orbitals results in decrease in size of orbitals. This results in decrease in bond length and increase in energy. Which of the following statements is true?

Lewis concept of covalency of an element involved octet rule .Later on it was found that many elements in their compoinds e.g, BeF_2,BF_3 etc . Have incomplete octet whereas PCl_5 ,SF_6 etc , have expanded octet . This classical conept also failed in predicting the geometry of molecules .Modern concept of covalence was propsed in terms of valence bond theory proposed by Heitler and London and later on modified by Pauling nad Slater . Hybridisation concept alongwith valence bond theory although successfully explained the geometry of various molecules but failed in many molecules . the geometry of such molecules was explained by VSEPR concept . Finally molecular orbital theory was porosed by Hund -Mulliken to explain many other anomalies . Which of the following statements are true ? (1) O_2, O_2^(-) and O_2^(-) are paramangetic species (2) Correct bond order is : O_2^(+) gt O_2^(-) gt O_2 (3) Bond lenght is shortest for O_2^(+) among the species O_2, O_2^(-) , O_2^(2-) , O_2^(+) and O_2^(2+) (4) Bond length is maximum for O_2^(2-) among the species O_2, O_2^(-), O_2^(2-) ,O_2^(+) and O_(2)^(2+) (5) B_2 has two unpaired electron and thus parmagnetic .

Amides undergo hydrolysis to yield carboxylic acid plus amine on heating in either aqueous acid or aqueous base. The conditions required for amide hydrolysis are more severe than those required for the hydrolysis of esters, anhydrides or acid chlorides, but the mechanism is similar (nucleophilic acyl substitution). Nucleophilic acyl substitutions involve a tetrahedral intermediate, hence these are quite different from alkyl substitution (RCH_(2)Broverset(NaCN)to RCH_(2)CN) which involves a pentavalent intermediate or transition state. One of the important reactions of esters is their reaction with two equivalent of Grignard reagent to give tertiary alcohols. Which of the following constitutes the best substrate during the acidic hydrolysis of amides?

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