Explain the process of recombinant DNA technology.

Explanation

Recombinant DNA technology :
Isolation of the genetic material ( DNA) : Bacterial cells `//` plant or animal tissues are treated with enzymes such as lysozyme ( bacteria), cellulase ( plant cells) chitinase ( fungus), etc. to digest the membrane and isolate DNA along with other macromolecules ( RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and lipids). Other molecules are remove by appropriate treatments. Chilled ethanol is added to get purified DNA as precipitate.
Cutting of DNA and isolation of desired DNA fragment : Purified DNA molecules are incubated with the restriction enzyme, at the optimal conditions for restriction enzyme digestion. Desired DNA fragemnt is isolated by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector : The cut out .gene of interest. from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase is added to produce recombinant DNA.
Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell `//` organism : Recipient cells are made . competent. to receive and take up DNA present in its surrounding and the recombinant DNA is introdueced into it by microinjection or gene gun technique .
Culturing of host cells and obtaining the foreign gene product : The cells having cloned genes of interest are grow in on a small scale in the laboratory in a culture medium . To produce the products in large quqntities , the cells can also be multiplied in cotinuous culture system called bioreactors.