Which of the following has distorted tetrahedron shape

Options

A. `SiH_4`
B. `C Cl_4`
C. `H_2O`
D. `CHCl_3`

Explanation

To determine which of the given compounds has a distorted tetrahedron shape, we will analyze the hybridization and molecular geometry of each compound. The tetrahedral shape is typically associated with sp³ hybridization, which involves the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals to form four equivalent hybrid orbitals.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Compounds**: We need to analyze the compounds given in the question. Let's assume the options are: SiH₄, CCl₄, H₂O, and CHCl₃.

2. **Determine Hybridization**:
- **SiH₄ (Silane)**: Silicon (Si) has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 bonds with hydrogen atoms. This results in sp³ hybridization (1 s orbital + 3 p orbitals = 4 sp³ hybrid orbitals).
- **CCl₄ (Carbon Tetrachloride)**: Carbon (C) also has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 bonds with chlorine atoms. This also results in sp³ hybridization.
- **H₂O (Water)**: Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons. It forms 2 bonds with hydrogen and has 2 lone pairs. The hybridization is still sp³, but the presence of lone pairs affects the geometry.
- **CHCl₃ (Chloroform)**: Carbon forms 4 bonds (1 with hydrogen and 3 with chlorine). This results in sp³ hybridization.

3. **Analyze Molecular Geometry**:
- **SiH₄**: Tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 109.5°.
- **CCl₄**: Tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 109.5°.
- **H₂O**: Although it has sp³ hybridization, the two lone pairs push the hydrogen atoms closer together, resulting in a bent shape and a bond angle of approximately 104.5°. This distortion from the ideal tetrahedral angle indicates a distorted tetrahedron.
- **CHCl₃**: Tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 109.5°.

4. **Conclusion**: Among the compounds analyzed, only water (H₂O) has a distorted tetrahedron shape due to the presence of two lone pairs that repel the bonding pairs, reducing the bond angle from the ideal 109.5° to about 104.5°.

### Final Answer:
The compound that has a distorted tetrahedron shape is **H₂O (water)**.

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