Nitration mixture is

Options

A. `1:1` of conc. `HNO_(3)` and conc. `HCl`
B. `1:1` of conc. `HNO_(3)` and conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)`
C. `1:1` of conc. `HNO_(2)` and conc. `H_(2)SO_(3)`
D. `1:10` of conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)` and conc. `HNO_(3)`

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Understanding Nitration Mixture**:
The nitration mixture is a combination of concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). This mixture is used to introduce nitro groups (-NO₂) into organic compounds, particularly aromatic compounds.

2. **Composition of the Mixture**:
The typical ratio of nitric acid to sulfuric acid in the nitration mixture is 1:1. This means that for every one part of concentrated nitric acid, there is one part of concentrated sulfuric acid.

3. **Role of Sulfuric Acid**:
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid and acts as a dehydrating agent. It donates protons (H⁺ ions) in the solution, which is crucial for the nitration process. The presence of H⁺ ions helps in the formation of the nitronium ion.

4. **Role of Nitric Acid**:
Nitric acid contains the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻) and when mixed with sulfuric acid, it generates the nitronium ion (NO₂⁺), which is the active electrophile in the nitration reaction.

5. **Formation of the Nitronium Ion**:
The reaction can be summarized as follows:
- Sulfuric acid donates a proton (H⁺) to nitric acid.
- This leads to the formation of the nitronium ion (NO₂⁺) and water (H₂O).
- The overall reaction can be simplified to show the generation of the nitronium ion, which is essential for nitration.

6. **Conclusion**:
Therefore, the nitration mixture consists of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a 1:1 ratio, and it generates the nitronium ion (NO₂⁺) which is used for the nitration of organic compounds.