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Explain how chlorine exhibits a maximum ...

Explain how chlorine exhibits a maximum covalency of 7.

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Nitrogen has no vacant .d. orbital `("ie. "1s^(2)2s^(2)2p^(3))`. Excitation of 2s electron into 3s is not possible. Therefore it can form only 4 bonds ie, three single covalent bonds and one dative bond due to the lone pair of electrons in 2s.
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