Identify the product C in the series.
`C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2) overset(FeHCl) to A underset(273 K)overset(NaNO_(2)+HCl) to B underset(283)overset(H_(2)O)to C`

Options

A. `C_(6)H_(5)OH`
B. `C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)OH`
C. `C_(6)H_(5)CHO`
D. `C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2)`

Explanation

To identify the product C in the given series, we will follow the steps outlined in the question:

### Step 1: Identify the starting compound
The starting compound is C₆H₅NO₂, which is nitrobenzene.

### Step 2: Reduction of nitrobenzene
The first reaction involves the reduction of nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂) using Fe in the presence of HCl. This reaction reduces the nitro group (-NO₂) to an amino group (-NH₂), resulting in the formation of aniline (C₆H₅NH₂).

**Reaction:**
C₆H₅NO₂ + Fe + HCl → C₆H₅NH₂ (Aniline)

### Step 3: Diazotization of aniline
The next step involves the diazotization of aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) using sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 273 K. This reaction converts the amino group (-NH₂) into a diazonium group (-N₂⁺), resulting in the formation of benzene diazonium chloride (C₆H₅N₂Cl).

**Reaction:**
C₆H₅NH₂ + NaNO₂ + HCl → C₆H₅N₂Cl (Benzene diazonium chloride)

### Step 4: Hydrolysis of benzene diazonium chloride
The final step involves the hydrolysis of benzene diazonium chloride (C₆H₅N₂Cl) in the presence of water (H₂O) at 283 K. This reaction replaces the diazonium group (-N₂⁺) with a hydroxyl group (-OH), resulting in the formation of phenol (C₆H₅OH).

**Reaction:**
C₆H₅N₂Cl + H₂O → C₆H₅OH (Phenol) + N₂ (gas)

### Conclusion
The product C in the series is phenol (C₆H₅OH).

### Summary of Products:
- A: Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂)
- B: Benzene diazonium chloride (C₆H₅N₂Cl)
- C: Phenol (C₆H₅OH)

### Final Answer:
The product C is **C₆H₅OH (Phenol)**.

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