ATPase -

A

has no channel

B

has a channel that allows diffusion of e-

C

has a channel that allows h+ diffusion

D

all the above

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding ATPase**: ATPase, also known as ATP synthase, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) during the process of photosynthesis in plants. 2. **Location of ATPase**: ATPase is located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, where it is associated with photosystems (PS1 and PS2), cytochrome, and other components involved in the electron transport chain. 3. **Role of Hydrogen Ions**: During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water is split (photolysis) to release oxygen, and this process generates a proton (hydrogen ion) gradient across the thylakoid membrane. 4. **Chemiosmotic Theory**: According to the chemiosmotic theory, the energy from the electron transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions (H+) from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen, creating a concentration gradient. 5. **Function of ATPase**: ATPase utilizes the potential energy stored in this proton gradient. As hydrogen ions flow back into the stroma through ATPase, the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into ATP. 6. **Evaluating the Options**: The question provides four options regarding the characteristics of ATPase: - Option 1: No channel - Option 2: Has a channel that allows diffusion of electrons - Option 3: Has a channel that allows the diffusion of hydrogen ions - Option 4: All of the above 7. **Correct Answer**: Given the role of ATPase in allowing hydrogen ions to diffuse back into the stroma, the correct answer is Option 3: "has a channel that allows the diffusion of hydrogen ions." ---
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