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What is permanent hardness of water? How...

What is permanent hardness of water? How it will be removed?

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Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble salts of magnesium and calcium in the form of chlorides and sulphates in water. It can be removed by adding washing soda which reacts with these metal chlorides and sulphates in hard water to form insoluble carbonates. `MCI_(2(aq))+NaCO_(3(aq))toMCO_(3(s))+2NaCI_((aq))`
`MSO_(4(aq))+ Na_(2)CO_(3(aq))toMCO_(3(s))+Na_(2)SO_(4(s)0`
Where M = Ca or Mg.
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