Which of the following statements is incorrect about gymnosperms?

Options

A. They are heterosporous
B. Male and female gametophytes are free living
C. Most of them have narrow leaves with thick cuticle
D. Their seeds are not covered

Answer

To determine which statement about gymnosperms is incorrect, we will analyze each statement provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Gymnosperms**:
Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers, cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes. They are characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary (hence "gymnosperm" means "naked seeds").

2. **Analyzing the First Statement**:
- **Statement**: "They are heterosporous."
- **Explanation**: Gymnosperms are indeed heterosporous, meaning they produce two types of spores: microspores (male) and megaspores (female). These spores develop into male and female gametophytes, respectively.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

3. **Analyzing the Second Statement**:
- **Statement**: "Male and female gametophyte are free living."
- **Explanation**: This statement is **incorrect**. In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte (pollen grain) is not free-living; it is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition and protection. The female gametophyte develops within the ovule and is also not free-living.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **incorrect**.

4. **Analyzing the Third Statement**:
- **Statement**: "Most of them have narrow leaves with thick cuticle."
- **Explanation**: This statement is **correct**. Many gymnosperms, particularly conifers, have narrow leaves (needles) with a thick cuticle to reduce water loss, which is an adaptation to their often dry habitats.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

5. **Analyzing the Fourth Statement**:
- **Statement**: "Their seeds are not covered; they are naked."
- **Explanation**: This statement is **correct**. The seeds of gymnosperms are indeed not enclosed in an ovary, which is why they are referred to as "naked seeds."
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

### Final Conclusion:
The incorrect statement about gymnosperms is: **"Male and female gametophyte are free living."** This is found in **option 2**.

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