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Calcium ion concentration in blood affec...

Calcium ion concentration in blood affects muscle contraction. Does it lead to tetany in certain cases? How will you correlate fluctuation in blood calcium with tetany?

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(i) Role of calcium ions in muscle contraction : In the muscle fibre, calcium ions are stored in cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum. In response to neural signal at neuromuscular junction followed by development of action potential and formation of dystropment protein, calcium ions are released in the sarcoplasm. High `Ca^(++)` level leads to binding of `Ca^(++)` with Troponin-C and moving of tropomyosin protein. This exposes ATP binding sitesof actin. Calcium also activates enzyme myosin ATPase to hydrolyse ATPto release energy which stimulates the heads of myosin to bind with actin to form actomyosin complexes.
(ii) Relatioship between calcium and tetany : Low level of calcium in extracellular fluid and its high level in the sarcoplasm stimulates rapid and successive contraction so that there is a state of sustained contraction called tetany.
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Knowledge Check

  • Calcium ions bring about muscle contraction through

    A
    Activation of myosin ATP-ase
    B
    Exposing active sites of actin filaments
    C
    Both A and B
    D
    Mobilisation of food reserve.

  • The steps involved in the mechanism of muscle contraction are given below. Arrange the steps in proper sequential order and select the correct option. I. Release of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm. II. Signal sent by the CNS via a motor neuron. III. Binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin filaments. IV. Generation of the action potential in the sarcolemma. V. Binding of myosin head to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross-bridge. VI. Inward pulling of ‘Z’ line attached to actin causing shortening of the sarcomere. VII. Pulling of the attached actin filaments towards the centre of 'A' band. VIII. Release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and generation of the action potential in the sarcolemma.

    A
    III, II, V, I, IV, VI, VII, VIII
    B
    II, VIII, IV, I, III, V, VII, VI
    C
    I, VIII, VI, II, V, IV, III, VII
    D
    II, IV, V, I, III, VII, VIII, VI

  • Assertion: Tetany is rapid spasm in muscle. Reason: Tetany is usually caused by an increases in the blood calcium level.

    A
    If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
    B
    If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
    C
    If assertion is true reason is false
    D
    If both assertion and reason are false

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