Name any two cloning vectors. Describe the features required to facilitate clon-ing into a vector .

Explanation

Plasmid and bacteriophages are the commonly used vectors . The following features are required to facilitate cloning in a vector .
i. Origin of replication (oir)
ii. Selectable market
iii. Cloning (recognition) site
iv. Small size of vector
i. Origin of replication (oir) : This is a sequence from where replica-tion starts and any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be mode to replicate within the host cells . The target DNA should be cloned in a vector whose origin supports high copy number.
ii. Selectable marker : In addition to .ori. the vector requires a se-lectable marker which helps in identifying and eliminating non transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the trans-formants. Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium.
iii. Small size of vector : The mechanisms to deliver genes of our interest into variety of plants are now used to deliver desirable genes into plant cells. So once a gene or a DNA fragment has been ligated into a suitable vector, it is transferred into a bacterial plant or animal host .