Increase in global temperature increases the incidence of which of the following infectious disease(s)?
(i) Sleeping sickness (ii) Yellow fever (iii) Malaria (iv) Dengue

Options

A. (ii) only
B. (i) and (ii)
C. (iii) and (iv)
D. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Answer

To determine which infectious diseases are affected by an increase in global temperature, we will analyze each option provided in the question: sleeping sickness, yellow fever, malaria, and dengue.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Global Temperature Increase**:
- Global temperature increase refers to the rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases. This phenomenon leads to climate change, which can affect various ecosystems and the spread of diseases.

**Hint**: Consider how temperature changes can impact ecosystems and the organisms that thrive in them.

2. **Analyzing Each Disease**:
- **Sleeping Sickness**:
- Also known as African trypanosomiasis, it is caused by the Trypanosoma parasite, transmitted by the tsetse fly. Climate change can alter the habitats of these flies, potentially increasing the incidence of the disease.

**Hint**: Research how vector habitats are influenced by climate conditions.

- **Yellow Fever**:
- This is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly in tropical regions. Changes in temperature and rainfall can affect mosquito populations and their breeding grounds, leading to increased transmission rates.

**Hint**: Think about how warmer temperatures can expand the range of mosquito populations.

- **Malaria**:
- Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Warmer temperatures can enhance mosquito breeding and survival, leading to a higher incidence of malaria in previously unaffected areas.

**Hint**: Consider the life cycle of the malaria parasite and how temperature affects it.

- **Dengue**:
- Dengue fever is also transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. Increased temperatures can lead to more favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and a higher incidence of dengue outbreaks.

**Hint**: Reflect on the correlation between temperature and mosquito life cycles.

3. **Conclusion**:
- All four diseases (i) Sleeping sickness, (ii) Yellow fever, (iii) Malaria, and (iv) Dengue are influenced by an increase in global temperature. Therefore, the correct answer is that the increase in global temperature increases the incidence of all the listed infectious diseases.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is (i) Sleeping sickness, (ii) Yellow fever, (iii) Malaria, and (iv) Dengue.