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what are the physical barriers of a cell in the protoplast fusion experiment ? How are the barriers overcome ?

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(i) Presence of cell wall. It is removed with the help of enzymes cellulase (for digesting cellulose) and pectinase (for digesting pectin).
(ii) Fusion (Chemofusion or elecfusioin). The naked protoplasts are made to fuse by using chemical substance like PEG (polyethane glycol) or pulses of high voltage electric current.
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