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The process by which ATP is produced in ...

The process by which ATP is produced in the inner mambrane if a mitochondrion.The electron transport system transfer protons from the inner comartment of the outer,as the proton flow back to the inner compartment,the energy of their movements is used to add phosphate to ADP,forming ATP.

A

Chemiosmosis

B

Phosphorylation

C

Glycolysis

D

Fermentation

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The process by which ATP is produced in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The electron transport system transfers protons from the ineer compartment of the outer, as the protons flows back to the inner compartment, the energy of their movement is used to add phosphate to ADP, forming ATP

Name the process by which ATP is formed in electron transport system (ETS) in mitochondria.

Knowledge Check

  • The process by which ATP is produced in the inner membrane of mitochondria, the electron transport system transfers protons from the inner compartment to the outer, as the protons flow back to the inner compartment, the energy of their movement is used to add phosphate to ADP, forming ATP is

    A
    Chemiosmosis
    B
    Phosphorylation
    C
    Glycolysis
    D
    Fermentation

  • Assertion : The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called the electron transport system (ETS) Reason : ETS is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

    A
    If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
    B
    If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
    C
    If assertion is true but reason is false
    D
    If both assertion and reason are false

  • The human eye is a complex part of the body that is used for seeing. Eyes enable people to perform daily tasks and to learn about the world that surrounds them. Sight. or vision, is a rapidly occurring process that involves continuous interaction between the eye, the nervous system, and the brain. When someone looks at an object, what he really sees is the light reflected from the object. This reflected light passes through the lens and falls on the retina of the eye. Here the light induces nerve impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain and then over other nerves to muscles and glands. The eye is similar to a television camera. Both the eye and the television camera convert light energy to electrical energy. The eye converts light to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as the sense perception called sight. A television camera converts light to electronic signals that are broadcast and transformed into light images in a television receiver. It is wonderful that human eyes blink an average of once every six seconds. This washes the eye with the salty secretion from the tear or lachrymal glands. Each tear gland is about the size and shape of an almond. These glands are situated behind the upper eyelid at the outer corner of the eye. After passing over the eye, the liquid from the gland is drained into the nose through the tear duct at the inner corner of the eye. The sense perception that the brain releases after the eye converts light to nerve impulses is known as

    A
    blindness
    B
    image
    C
    sight
    D
    glare

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    A conducting shell has inner radius R and outer radius 2R. A charge + q is given to the spherical shell. (a) Find the electric field at a point which is at a distance x from the centre of the shell. Give your answer for three cases (i) x lt R (ii) R lt x lt 2R (iii) x gt 2R (b) Find the electric potential in all the three cases mentioned in (a) (c) Find field and potential in all the three cases mentioned in (a) after a point charge – q is introduced at the centre of the shell. (d) Write the electrical potential energy of the system consisting of the shell and the point charge at its centre. (e) Find the electrostatic force that the shell exerts on the point charge. (f) Now, another point charge + q is placed at a distance 4R from the centre of the shell. Find electric field and potential in following cases. (i) x lt R (ii) R lt x lt 2R

    Answer question numbers (a) - (d) on the basis of your understanding of the following paragraph and the related studied concepts : ATP is the energy currency for most cellular processes. The energy relased during the process of respiration is used to make an ATP molecule from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ADP +(P)overset("Energy")to ADP ~ (P)=ATP (P) : Phosphate Endothermic processes in the cell then use this ATP to drive the reactions. When terminal phosphate linkage in ATP is broken using water. The energy equivalent to 30.5 kJ/mol is released . Think of how a battery can provide energy for many different kinds of uses. It can be used to obtain mechanical energy , light energy, electrical energy and so on. Similarly, ATP can be used in the cells for the contraction of muscles, protein synthesis, conduction of nervous impulses and many other activities. (a) How does ATP act as energy currency of the cell ? (b) Which is the site of synthesis of ATP in a cell ? (c) Is it same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes ? (d) From where is energy released during respiration ?

    Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives. The human eye is a complex part of the body that is used for seeing. Eyes enable people to perform daily tasks and to learn about the world that surrounds them. Sight, or vision, is a rapidly occurring process that involves continuous interaction between the eye, the nervous system, and the brain. When someone looks at an object, what he really sees is the light reflected from the object. This reflected light passes through the lens and falls on the retina of the eye. Here the light induces nerve impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain and then over other nerves to muscles and glands. The eye is similar to a television camera. Both the eye and the television camera convert light energy to electrical energy. The eye converts light to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as the sense perception called sight. A television camera converts light to electronic signals that are broadcast and transformed into light images in a television receiver. It is wonderful that human eyes blink an average of once every six seconds. This washes the eye with the salty secretion from the tear or lachrymal glands. Each tear gland is about the size and shape of an almond. These glands are situated behind the upper eyelid at the outer corner of the eye. After passing over the eye, the liquid from the gland is drained into the nose through the tear duct at the inner corner of the eye. The sense perception that the brain releases after the eye converts light to nerve impulses is known as

    Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) Which of the following statement is true?

    Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) Which of the following statements is correct:

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