In which of the following organism, asexual reproduction occurs by gemmules .

Options

A. Paramecium
B. Sponge
C. Hydra
D. Penicillium

Answer

To determine which organism reproduces asexually by gemmules, we can analyze each option provided:

1. **Paramecium**:
- Paramecium reproduces asexually through a process called binary fission. In binary fission, the parent cell divides into two equal daughter cells. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

2. **Sponge**:
- Sponges are known to reproduce asexually by forming gemmules. Gemmules are internal buds that can survive harsh conditions and develop into new individuals. This makes sponges the correct answer for this question.

3. **Hydra**:
- Hydra reproduces asexually through a process called budding, where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of the parent. Thus, this option is incorrect.

4. **Penicillium**:
- Penicillium reproduces asexually by forming conidia, which are asexual spores. Therefore, this option is also incorrect.

Based on the analysis, the organism that reproduces asexually by gemmules is **Sponge** (option 2).

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Sponge**.