(a) Mention any four strategies adopted by flowering plants to prevent self- pollination.
(b) Why is geitonogamy also referred to as genetical autogamy?

Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.

List three strategies that a bisexual chasmogamous flower can evolve to prevent self-pollination (autogamy).

(a) Describe any two devices in a flowering plant which prevent both autogamy and geitonogamy. (b) Explain the events upto double fertilization after the pollen tube enters one of the synergids in an ovule of an angiosperm .

(a) State one difference and one similarity between geitonogamy and xenogamy. (b) Explain any three devices developed in flowering plants to discourage self pollination and encourage cross pollination.

When the pollers is transferred from anther to stigma of same flower, the pollination is called autogamy. (a) Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous. Explain. (b) Geitonogamy is functionally cross pollination, but genetically similar to autogamy. Identify the statement. (Kerala Board 2017)

Mention various devices to discourage self pollination and encourage cross pollination in flowering plants.

Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statements. a. Majority of flowering plants use a range of animals as pollinating agents. b. Bees, butterflies, flies, beetles wasps, ants, moth, birds (sunbirds and humming birds) and bats are the common pollinating agents. c. Among the animals, insects particularly bees are the dominant biotic pollinating agents. d. Even larger animals such as some primates (lemurs), arboreal (tree dwelling) rodent, or even reptiles (gecko lizard and garden lizard) have also been reported as pollinators in some species. e. Often flowers of animal pollinated plants are specifically adapted for a particular species of animal.

Identify the correct pair of statements (i) White kernel of Coconut is a free nuclear endosperm (ii) In dioecious plants, autogamy is prevented but geitonogamy occurs (iii) Cleistogamous flowers are always self pollinated (iv) Castor is an endospermic seed.

Assertion : Geitonogamy is functionally cross-pollination involving pollinating agent and genetically it is similar to autogamy since the pollen grains come from the another plant. Reason : Geitonogamy is the only type of pollination which during pollination brings genetically different types of pollen grains to the stigma.