Differentiate allopatric and sympatric speciation.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

**1. Definition of Speciation:**
- Speciation is the process through which new species arise from existing species. It involves the transformation of biological populations over time.

**2. Allopatric Speciation:**
- Allopatric speciation occurs when a geographical barrier separates a population, leading to the formation of new species.
- Example: Darwin's finches are a classic example of allopatric speciation. An ancestral finch population was separated by geographical barriers (like oceans or mountains), leading to different adaptations in different environments. Over time, variations in traits such as beak size and shape emerged, as some finches adapted to eat specific types of food available in their respective environments.
...