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How do you convert a galvanometer into a...

How do you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter ? Why is an ammeter always connected in series?

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A galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by joining a shunt resistance `r_s` in parallel. If a galvanometer gives full scale deflection for a current `I_g` and has a resistance `R_G` and we want to convert it into an ammeter of range I, the value of shunt resistance should be
`r_s = (I_g)/(I - I_g) R_G`
An ammeter is always connected in series so that total current passes through it and it gives correct measurement of electric current.
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