Suggest reasons why the B–F bond lengths in `BF_(3)` (130 pm) and `BF_(4 )^(– )`(143 pm) differ.

Explanation

To understand why the B–F bond lengths in BF₃ (130 pm) and BF₄⁻ (143 pm) differ, we can analyze the bonding characteristics and electronic structure of both molecules. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the reasoning:

### Step 1: Analyze the Electronic Configuration of Boron
- Boron (B) has an atomic number of 5, with an electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p¹. This means it has three valence electrons available for bonding.

**Hint:** Consider how the valence electrons of boron participate in bond formation with fluorine.

### Step 2: Bond Formation in BF₃
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