What is the basic mechanism for the emission of `beta^(-)` or `beta^(+)` particles in a nuclide? Give an example by writing explicitly a decay process for B’ emission.
Is (a) the energy of the emitted `beta^(-)` particles continuous or discrete,
(b) the daughter nucleus obtained through `beta`-decay an isotope or an isobar of the parent nucleus ?

Explanation

The basic mechanism for the emission of a B’ particle in a nuclide is the transformation of a neutron into a proton and a Bf particle is ejected out of nucleus. As a result, the atomic number of nuclide increases by one. As an example consider the following reaction
`" "_(15)^(32)Pto" "_(16)^(32)S+" "_(-1)^(0)e+bar(nu)`
or `" "_(27)^(60)Coto" "_(28)^(60)Ni+" "_(-1)^(0)e+nu`
Similarly at the time of `beta^(+)` decay a proton inside a nucleus transforms into neutron along with the emission of a `beta^(+)` particle. An example is
`" "_(11)^(22)Nato " "_(10)^(22)Ne + " "_(-1)^(0)e + nu`
As a result of `beta` emission the atomic number of nucleus decreases by one.
(a) The energy of the emitted B-particle is continuous.
(b) The daughter nucleus obtained through B-decay is an isobar of the parent nucleus because mass number of both parent and daughter nuclei are same.