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State physical and chemical properties o...

State physical and chemical properties of phosphine `(PH_(3))`

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(i) Physical properties : `PH_3` is colourless gas with rotten fish smell and is highly poisonous. It is sparingly soluble in water.
Chemical properties : Phosphine explodes in contact with traces of oxidizing agents like `HNO_(3), Cl_2` and `Br_2` vapours.
The solution of phosphine in water decomposes in presence of light giving red phosphorus and `H_2`.
When absorbed in copper sulphate or mercuric chloride solution, the corresponding phosphides are obtained:
`3CuSO_(4) + 2PH_(3) to Cu_(3)P_(2) + 3H_(2)SO_(4)`
`3HgCl_(2) + 2PH_(3) to Hg_(3)P_(2) + 6HCl`
Phosphine is weakly basic and like ammonia it gives phosphonium compounds with acids, e.g.,
`PH_(3) + HBr to underset("Phosphonium bromide")(PH_(4)Br)`
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