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Explain variations in atomic radii and i...

Explain variations in atomic radii and ionisation enthalpies in group-16.

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(i) Atomic radii : The atomic radii of group-16 elements are smaller than corresponding group-15 elements. This is due to increase in effective nuclear charge.
In group-16, moving down the group, the atomic radii and ionic radii increases due to addition of new electron shells at each successive element.
(ii) Ionisation enthalpy : The first ionisation enthalpies of group-16 elements are lower than corresponding group-15 elements. This is due to fact that group-15 elements have extra stable half-filled p-orbitals.
(iii) The ionisation enthalpy of group-16 elements are quite high due to small size and high nuclear charge. However, down the group, the ionisation enthalpy decreases with the increase in atomic size.
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