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Why is only 10% of energy made available...

Why is only `10%` of energy made available to the next trophic level when green plants are eaten by herbivores ?

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When green plants are eaten by herbivores, a great deal of energy is lost in the form of heat to the environment.
Some amount goes into digestion and in doing work and the rest goes towards growth and reproduction.
The remaining is only an average of `10%` of the food eaten that is turned into its own body and made available for the next level of consumers.
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