Discuss Cottrell's method of evaluating elevation of boiling points.

What is elevation of boiling point ?

Discuss the general methods of preparing alkanes.

Discuss the Ramsay's methods of isolation of noble gases.

Describe Cottrell's method of determining molecular weight of non-volatile's solute.

Will the molecular weight determined for an ionizing solute be greater or lesser than that calculated by elevation of boiling point method ?

Discuss the methods of determining the order of reaction .

Discuss the Nalgonda method of fluoride removal.

When some amount of non-volatile solute is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a dilute solution, the vapour pressure of the solvent is lowered and it is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent in the solution . Relative lowering in vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute . Elevation in boiling point of solvent is a collgative property like lowering in vaour pressure of solvent in solution , K_(b) i.e., molal elevation constant is calculated by the formula, K_(b)=DeltaT_(b)// molality and also by the expression, K_(b)=RT_(b)^(2)//1000l_(v) where T_(b) is boiling point of solvent and I_(v) is latent heat of vapourisation for 1 gm solvent . Abnormal elevation is boiling point =iX elevation in boiling point in ideal solution where i=van't Hoff factor Molal elevation (K_(b))

When some amount of non-volatile solute is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a dilute solution, the vapour pressure of the solvent is lowered and it is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent in the solution . Relative lowering in vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute . Elevation in boiling point of solvent is a collgative property like lowering in vaour pressure of solvent in solution , K_(b) i.e., molal elevation constant is calculated by the formula, K_(b)=DeltaT_(b)// molality and also by the expression, K_(b)=RT_(b)^(2)//1000l_(v) where T_(b) is boiling point of solvent and I_(v) is latent heat of vapourisation for 1 gm solvent . Abnormal elevation is boiling point =iX elevation in boiling point in ideal solution where i=van't Hoff factor Lowering in vapour pressure in an experiment was found to be x mm of Hg. It is : Lowering in vapour pressure in an experiment was found to be x mm of Hg. It is