For the metallurgical process of which of the ores calcined ore can be reduced by carbon?

Options

A. Haematite
B. Calamine
C. Iron pyrites
D. Sphalerite

Explanation

To determine which ores can be reduced by carbon after calcination, we need to analyze the given options: hematite, calamine, iron pyrite, and sphalerite.

### Step-by-step Solution:

1. **Identify the Ores and Their Chemical Formulas**:
- Hematite: Fe₂O₃
- Calamine: ZnCO₃
- Iron Pyrite: CuFeS₂
- Sphalerite: ZnS

2. **Understand the Process of Calcination**:
- Calcination is a thermal treatment process where ores are heated in the absence of air to remove volatile substances or to drive off carbon dioxide from carbonates.

3. **Determine the Products of Calcination**:
- For Hematite (Fe₂O₃), when heated, it remains as an oxide.
- For Calamine (ZnCO₃), upon heating, it decomposes to form Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Carbon Dioxide (CO₂).
- Iron Pyrite (CuFeS₂) does not produce an oxide upon calcination; it typically produces sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and other products.
- Sphalerite (ZnS) also does not produce an oxide upon calcination; it usually produces sulfur dioxide and zinc oxide under certain conditions.

4. **Identify Which Ores Can Be Reduced by Carbon**:
- Carbon can reduce metal oxides to their respective metals.
- Hematite (Fe₂O₃) can be reduced to iron (Fe) using carbon.
- Calamine (ZnO) can also be reduced to zinc (Zn) using carbon.
- Iron Pyrite and Sphalerite do not yield oxides upon calcination and thus cannot be reduced by carbon.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The ores that can be calcined and subsequently reduced by carbon are Hematite (Fe₂O₃) and Calamine (ZnCO₃).

### Final Answer:
The metallurgical process of which of the ores calcined ore can be reduced by carbon includes Hematite (Fe₂O₃) and Calamine (ZnCO₃).

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