Which among the following produce seeds?

Options

A. Thallophyta
B. Bryophyta
C. Pteridophyta
D. Gymnosperms

Explanation

To determine which among the given options produces seeds, we can analyze each option step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Groups**: The options provided are Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta. These are groups of plants classified under Cryptogames, which are known for their reproductive structures.

2. **Understand Cryptogames**: Cryptogames are seedless plants. They reproduce through spores rather than seeds. This means that none of the options provided (Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta) produce seeds.

3. **Differentiate Phanerogams**: In contrast to Cryptogames, there are Phanerogams, which include Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. These groups are known for producing seeds.

4. **Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms are a type of Phanerogam that produce naked seeds, meaning their seeds are not enclosed within a fruit.

5. **Angiosperms**: Angiosperms produce seeds that are enclosed within fruits.

6. **Conclusion**: Since the question asks which among the options produces seeds, and all the options given are Cryptogames (which do not produce seeds), the correct answer would be that none of the options produce seeds. However, if we were to include Gymnosperms or Angiosperms, they would be the correct answers for seed-producing plants.

### Final Answer:
None of the options (Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta) produce seeds. The seed-producing groups are Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

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