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Exchange of calcium between bone and ext...

Exchange of calcium between bone and extracellular fluid takes place under the influence of certain hormones
(a) What will happen if more of `Ca^(2+)` is in extracellular fluid?
(b) What will happen if very less amount of `Ca^(2+)` is in the extracellular fluid?

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(a) More `Ca^(2+)` concentration in extracellular fluid is associated with hyperparathyroidism. It causes demineralisation, resulting in softening and bending of the bones. This condition leads to osteoporosis.
(b) Very less amount of `Ca^(2+)` in extracellular fluid is associated with hypoparathyroidism. This increases the excitability of nerves and muscles, causing cramps, sustained contraction of the muscles of larynx, face, hands and feet. This disorder is called parathyroidtetany or hypercalcemictetany.
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Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of which fluid offers resistance to deformation under the influence of a tangential force. In the given figure as the the plate moves the fluid particle at the surface moves from position 1 to 2 and so on, but particles at the bottom boundry remain stationary. if the gap between palte and bottom boundary is small, fluid particles in between plate and bottom moves with velocities as shown by linear velocity distribution curve otherwise the velocity distribution may be parabolic. As per Newton's law of viscity the tangential force is related to time rate of deformation - (F)/(A) alpha (d' theta)/(dt) but y = (d' theta)/(dt) = u, (d' theta)/(dt) = (u)/(y) then F = eta A(u)/(y), eta = coefficient of viscosity for non-linear velocity distribution - F = eta A(du)/(dy) where (u)/(y) or (du)/(dy) is known as velocity gradiant. The velocity gradient just near the bottom boundary is equal to -

Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of which fluid offers resistance to deformation under the influence of a tangential force. In the given figure as the the plate moves the fluid particle at the surface moves from position 1 to 2 and so on, but particles at the bottom boundry remain stationary. if the gap between palte and bottom boundary is small, fluid particles in between plate and bottom moves with velocities as shown by linear velocity distribution curve otherwise the velocity distribution may be parabolic. As per Newton's law of viscity the tangential force is related to time rate of deformation - (F)/(A) alpha (d' theta)/(dt) but y = (d' theta)/(dt) = u, (d' theta)/(dt) = (u)/(y) then F = eta A(u)/(y), eta = coefficient of viscosity for non-linear velocity distribution - F = eta A(du)/(dy) where (u)/(y) or (du)/(dy) is known as velocity gradiant. The velocity gradient just below the plate, in above problem is equal to - (per second)

Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of which fluid offers resistance to deformation under the influence of a tangential force. In the given figure as the the plate moves the fluid particle at the surface moves from position 1 to 2 and so on, but particles at the bottom boundry remain stationary. if the gap between palte and bottom boundary is small, fluid particles in between plate and bottom moves with velocities as shown by linear velocity distribution curve otherwise the velocity distribution may be parabolic. As per Newton's law of viscity the tangential force is related to time rate of deformation - (F)/(A) alpha (d' theta)/(dt) but y = (d' theta)/(dt) = u, (d' theta)/(dt) = (u)/(y) then F = eta A(u)/(y), eta = coefficient of viscosity for non-linear velocity distribution - F = eta A(du)/(dy) where (u)/(y) or (du)/(dy) is known as velocity gradiant. If velocity distribution is given as (parabolic) u = c_(1)y^(2) + c_(2)y + c_(3) For the same force of 2N and the speed of the plate 2 m//sec , and area of plate is 1 and viscousity is .001, the constant C_(1), C_(2) & C_(3) are

Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of which fluid offers resistance to deformation under the influence of a tangential force. In the given figure as the the plate moves the fluid particle at the surface moves from position 1 to 2 and so on, but particles at the bottom boundry remain stationary. if the gap between palte and bottom boundary is small, fluid particles in between plate and bottom moves with velocities as shown by linear velocity distribution curve otherwise the velocity distribution may be parabolic. As per Newton's law of viscity the tangential force is related to time rate of deformation - (F)/(A) alpha (d' theta)/(dt) but y = (d' theta)/(dt) = u, (d' theta)/(dt) = (u)/(y) then F = eta A(u)/(y), eta = coefficient of viscosity for non-linear velocity distribution - F = eta A(du)/(dy) where (u)/(y) or (du)/(dy) is known as velocity gradiant. In the given figure if force of 2N required to maintain constant velocity of plate, the value of constant C_(1), & C_(2) are -

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